The red line: Racial disparities in lendingForty years ago, Congress passed the Community Reinvestment Act, requiring banks to lend to qualified borrowers in blighted neighborhoods. Together with the Fair Housing Act passed in 1968, the legislation aimed to eliminate the practice known as redlining. But it is full of loopholes: It doesn’t apply to mortgage brokers or cover internet banking, and it allows banks to claim credit for loaning to white applicants moving into historically black neighborhoods – supposedly lifting up low-income areas, but also enabling gentrification.